ISLAMABAD — Human rights watchdog Amnesty International has called on Pakistan to resolve hundreds of cases of enforced disappearances for which “no one has ever been held accountable”.

“Disappearances are a tool of terror... if committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack, they constitute a crime against humanity,” a statement issued by the rights watchdog on Monday said, calling on Pakistan to “take concrete steps to end impunity”.

Pakistan has had a history of enforced disappearances over the past decade, mainly confined in the past to conflict zones near the Afghanistan border or to southwestern Balochistan province, where separatists are battling for independence.

However in recent years a growing number of such abductions have taken place brazenly in major urban centers such as Karachi, Lahore and even the capital Islamabad.

Earlier this year award-winning Pakistani journalist Taha Siddiqui, who criticized the role of the military in Pakistan, managed to escape an attempted abduction in broad daylight on a busy Islamabad highway. He has since left the country.

Reporting critical of security policies controlled by the powerful military is considered a major red flag, with Siddiqui the most high-profile recent example among the many reporters who have been at times detained, beaten and even killed. Security agencies routinely deny being involved.

Last year, five social media activists who had been critical of the military as well as extremism were also disappeared, with their abductions sparking nationwide protests. Four were released within weeks, but the fate of the fifth remains unknown.

Many other people are believed to still be in custody. According to Amnesty, the United Nations has more than 700 such cases pending in Pakistan, while a state commission of inquiry into enforced disappearances lists hundreds of additional cases.

Victims include bloggers, journalists, students, peace activists and other human rights defenders.

According to the NGO, Pakistan has recently accepted UN recommendations that make enforced disappearances a crime but has refused to ratify an international convention protecting anyone from enforced disappearances.

Pakistani ex-dictator’s party seeks security for his return

Meanwhile in another development, the party of Pakistan’s former dictator Pervez Musharraf has asked authorities to provide and guarantee security for him when he returns home to face trial for his alleged role in the killing of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.

Mohammad Amjad, the president of Musharraf’s All Pakistan Muslim League party said that the former ruler wants to return “soon” to face all pending cases against him and to participate in politics ahead of parliamentary elections.

Musharraf was Pakistan’s president when Bhutto was killed during an election rally in 2007.

He resigned in 2008 after Bhutto’s party came into power. He left Pakistan and currently lives in Dubai.

At a 2013 court appearance, Musharraf pleaded not guilty in Bhutto’s slaying, saying she ignored warnings and attended election rallies despite facing threats from militants. — Agencies