By Ljubomir Milsain
“I personally marked every note, one by one.” Twenty five years have elapsed since Antonio Di Pietro’s sting arrest of Socialist Party official Marco Chiesa lit the fuse on the biggest corruption scandal in Italy’s history.
And memories of Feb. 17, 1992 still burn bright in the mind of the now-retired judge who became an emblematic figure in the country’s enduring battle against endemic graft.
“It was the only way we could be absolutely certain of proving that a bribe had been paid,” Di Pietro told AFP.
“When he turned round to me and said, ‘But it is my own money,’ I was able to reply, ‘well, explain how they came to have my mark on every single bill.’”
Chiesa’s arrest for taking a seven-million lire (3,500-euro, $3,700) backhander over a services contract for the Milan hospice he ran marked the start of “Mani Pulite,” or “Clean Hands” — a far-reaching probe into the murky side of Italian business and politics.
By the time it had run its course, 3,000 people had been arrested and half of the country’s lawmakers had been indicted.
Some 1,200 people were convicted in the following years and several prominent business and political figures committed suicide before their day in court.
Berlusconi setback
A quarter of a century later, it is far from clear that the discovery of how extensively corruption had riddled the country’s body politic has led to a cure.
It is not even certain the cancer is in remission, according to Di Pietro.
“At the time of Mani Pulite, the public thought they were watching a battle between police and thieves. Today people have the feeling they are watching a war between different gangs of thieves,” said Di Pietro.
“The situation is certainly not great, even if it has improved in the last few years,” Virginio Carnevali, the chair of the Italian branch of Transparency International.
“The trend has been reversed but there is still a lot to do. Organized crime is behind a lot of corruption today — it is easier to get someone to take a bribe than to kill them.”
Deep-rooted culture
Under Berlusconi’s leadership, Italy fell even lower on international corruption rankings, at considerable cost to its image and economic well-being.
In 2014, employers organization Confindustria calculated that the Italian economy would be 20 percent greater than it now is if it had taken effective measures to stamp out endemic graft after Mani Pulite, mainly because of the negative impact that the perception of Italy being a corrupt country has had on inward investment.
While there has been no repeat of a scandal on the same scale, corruption appears to be thriving at the local level.
Dozens of Rome politicians and business figures are currently on trial in a case known as Mafia Capitale while a recent report by the national unit that fights organized crime said 904 people were arrested on corruption charges in the first half of 2016.
If Di Pietro had his way, he would restore the use of undercover agents to identify politicians willing to take a bribe, reduce the number of possible appeals against convictions and eliminate the possibility of criminal cases timing out after they have been brought to court. — AFP
