A resident gestures near Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) fighters in Tel Abyad town, Raqqa governorate, after coming back to the city last week. With a string of victories over Daesh, Syria’s Kurds are proving themselves an ever more dependable ally in the US-led fight against the militants and building influence that will make them a force in Middle Eastern politics. — Reuters

 

KURDISH fighters in Iraq and Syria have emerged as some of the most effective forces battling the Daesh (the so-called IS) group in the year since it declared a cross-border “caliphate”.



Iraq’s Kurds defended their autonomous region, gained control of a swathe of long-disputed territory during Daesh’s sweeping offensive and retook areas they lost to the militants, coming out better than most in a war with no real winners.



In neighboring Syria, Kurdish forces defended the town of Kobane against Daesh in a months-long battle, retook the key hub of Tal Abyad on the Turkish border this month and fought the militants in other areas.



International air support played a key role in the success of Kurdish forces in both countries. The Kurds — who are estimated to number 10-15 percent of Syria’s population and 15-20 percent of Iraq’s — are fighting a common enemy, but they are distinct communities with their own agendas.



And while they have had successes, the Kurds have also paid a heavy price in lost lives, destroyed homes and economic troubles in both countries.



Thousands of Iraqi federal security personnel fled a brutally effective Daesh offensive last June, clearing the way for the Kurds to gain or solidify control over territory claimed by both them and Baghdad.



But Daesh drove Kurdish peshmerga forces back toward their regional capital Arbil in August in an offensive that might have ended in disaster if the US had not begun bombing the militants.



Backed by air support from a US-led coalition, Iraqi Kurds were able to retake territory lost to the militants and defend against Daesh attacks elsewhere.



After fighting for these areas, the Kurdish region is especially unlikely to relinquish them, and while the federal government’s position is too weak to dispute this now, analysts say it will be a problem down the road.



“We made sacrifices and gave blood, and therefore we will not leave them and will defend these areas... until the end of this war,” said Mustafa Qader, the Kurdish regional minister responsible for the peshmerga forces.



“Until now, we have 1,200 martyrs, and there are close to 7,000 wounded,” he said. “I believe that the Kurdistan region will not easily surrender these areas to the Iraqi government,” Qader said, though he added: “It is possible that an agreement will be reached.”



In Syria, the Kurds carved out autonomous areas in the country’s northeast in the chaos of the country’s civil war after Syrian government troops withdrew.



The Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) and allied forces — with US-led air support — defended Kobane for months against militants trying to seize the city on the Turkish border, in a significant psychological victory for anti-Daesh forces.



The YPG and Syrian rebels also retook the town of Tal Abyad from Daesh, a major blow for the militants, who used it as a gateway to and from Turkey.



“Kurds are arguably the most effective fighting force against Daesh in Syria. They are well-organized, disciplined and are big believers in their cause,” analyst Sirwan Kajjo said.



“They have managed to defeat the Daesh in several areas. But the US airstrikes also play a big role in this,” said Wladimir van Wilgenburg, an analyst at the Jamestown Foundation.



But the price has been high. “The Kurds have suffered immensely under Daesh threats. During the Kobane crisis, thousands of Kurds fled to Turkey,” said Kajjo.



“Despite the liberation of their city, the vast majority of them have not been able to return to their homes because they’re totally destroyed,” he said.



 In Iraq, the Kurdish region has had to cope with a huge number of people fleeing violence for territory it controls — over 1.2 million from June last year to the beginning of this month, according to the International Organization for Migration.



The Kurdish region’s image as a safe haven from the violence plaguing other parts of Iraq also took a hit from bombings in Arbil and Daesh’s presence near Kurdish territory, said Nathaniel Rabkin, the managing editor of the Inside Iraqi Politics newsletter. — AFP