WASHINGTON — US Secretary of State Antony Blinken has said Washington has made no concessions to the main Russian demands over Ukraine and NATO, in a written response delivered to Moscow on Wednesday.

Shortly earlier, Russia said it had received the United States' response to its demands including NATO's withdrawal from eastern Europe, an issue at the heart of the Ukrainian security crisis.

The foreign affairs ministry in Moscow said in a statement that the American ambassador to Russia, John Sullivan, handed in Washington's written reply to its demands concerning security to Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Grouchko.

Russia has demanded guarantees that NATO will halt its eastward expansion, rule out membership for Ukraine and other former Soviet countries, and roll back its military deployments in Central and Eastern Europe.

But Blinken said Wednesday's answer to Russia makes very clear that the US is standing by its principles. "There is no change, there will be no change,” he said.

Speaking at a news conference, the Secretary of State said that the US proposals offered Russia a "serious diplomatic path forward". These included safeguarding the right of nations to choose their own alliances, he added.

A Russian minister said his country would study Blinken's response, delivered in coordination with Nato.

Russia had issued a written list of its concerns about the expansion of the Nato military alliance and related security issues.

Among them was a demand for Nato to rule out the possibility of Ukraine and others ever joining the alliance.

In recent weeks, Russia has been amassing large numbers of troops on the Ukraine border —something which Western countries have seen as preparation for a possible invasion. Russia denies this.

Blinken said the US response made its "core principles" clear, including Ukraine's sovereignty and its right to choose to be part of security alliances such as Nato.

"There should be no doubt about our seriousness of purpose when it comes to diplomacy, and we're acting with equal focus and force to bolster Ukraine's defenses and prepare a swift united response to further Russian aggression," he said.

"It remains up to Russia to decide how to respond," he added. "We're ready either way."

The secretary of state said the US had sent three shipments of military "assistance" this week — including Javelin missiles and anti-armor weaponry, along with hundreds of tons of ammunition and equipment.

Blinken also denied any rift or difference of opinion between the US and its European allies. Nato, he said, had prepared its own set of proposals which "fully reinforces ours and vice versa".

But the US document will not be made public.

"Diplomacy has the best chance to succeed if we provide space for confidential talks," the Secretary of State said.

Nato Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said the alliance's document had also been delivered to Moscow, and while he was willing to listen to Russia's concerns, all nations had the right to choose their own security arrangements.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, however, said earlier on Wednesday that Stoltenberg had "lost touch with reality", when asked about Nato boosting its presence near Russia's borders.

"You know, I stopped taking any view of his statements a long time ago," Lavrov told the press in Russian parliament, which were broadcast live on social media.

Separately, diplomats from Russia, Ukraine, France and Germany reaffirmed a commitment to the long-standing ceasefire agreement in Ukraine, which had seen Russia-backed rebels seize territory in the eastern Donbas region.

All four nations continue to support the ceasefire "regardless of differences on other issues" related to the 2015 Minsk agreements, a statement published by the French presidency said.

The Kremlin's deputy chief of staff Dmitri Kozak characterized the eight-hour talks in Paris as "not simple", and the group is due to meet again in two weeks in Berlin. — Agencies