NEW DELHI — Rumors are circulating about the whereabouts of a controversial self-styled Indian preacher, more than 10 days after he went on the run.

A massive operation is under way to find Amritpal Singh, who is wanted in many cases including attempted murder.

Reports claim Singh was seen in at least four Indian cities, including the capital Delhi, since eluding arrest in Punjab state on March 18.

Nepal put him on a surveillance list this week at India's request.

On Tuesday night, Punjab police searched houses in a village in Hoshiarpur district, triggering media speculation that he may still be in the state.

Earlier in the day, the state government had told the Punjab and Haryana high court that the police were "close to catching" Singh.

The manhunt has dominated headlines in India over the past fortnight as police officers swarm state borders, comb the streets and scour surveillance footage in search of the man whose radical views had stoked fears of a renewed phase of violence in Punjab.

Singh, who suddenly rose to national attention in February after his followers stormed a police station, says he supports Khalistan, or a separate Sikh homeland. His rapid rise had revived memories of the violent insurgency in Punjab in the 1980s in which thousands were killed.

The search for Mr Singh, spanning four Indian states and neighbouring Nepal, has been full of twists and turns, including rumours of disguises and dramatic escapes.

Punjab police first tried to arrest Singh on March 17, weeks after he and hundreds of supporters descended on a police station, demanding the release of an arrested aide.

Though hundreds of police personnel were deployed, Singh managed to get away in a high-speed car chase which was livestreamed by some of his supporters.

Police said Singh had been traveling in a Mercedes SUV when the chase first began, but that he later shifted to a smaller car and finally to a bike. (Since then, senior police officials have said several times that Singh is traveling around the country in disguise.)

Within hours of Singh's escape, authorities blocked internet services in Punjab — where 27 million people live — restricted the movement of people, and arrested hundreds of Singh's supporters.

The restrictions were eventually eased but the search operation has continued. BBC Punjabi spoke to several people who said that the heavy police presence in their towns and villages had affected their mental health and livelihoods. The Twitter accounts of several journalists and activists have also been blocked in India.

On March 21, Punjab police released CCTV footage that purportedly showed Singh wearing a disguise while traveling on a motorcycle.

The same day, police also released seven photos of him in different outfits — including an AI-generated version, which shows him without his long beard — asking people to watch out for him.

On March 24, several media reports said that Singh was spotted in Delhi.

News agency ANI quoted unnamed police sources who said that Singh, accompanied by an aide, had been seen at a prominent bus terminal disguised as a sadhu, or Hindu preacher.

Delhi and Punjab police teams then launched a search operation in the capital and its borders and arrested more people, believed to be Singh's supporters.

Punjab's Inspector General of Police Sukhchain Singh Gill told reporters that after escaping, Singh had taken shelter at a woman's house in neighboring Haryana state. Singh had first tried to get a boat to cross a river into Haryana, but later had to walk the distance, the official said.

Gill added that the woman, who was arrested on March 26, revealed during interrogation that Singh had been in touch with her for the last two-and-a-half years, and that his aide had stayed at her home in Kurukshetra district several times earlier.

The police also released surveillance footage believed to be of Singh in Haryana. According to reports, the clip showed a man wearing a white shirt and dark blue jeans hiding his face with an umbrella as he tried to escape the woman's house.

Around the same time, reports said that Singh may have fled to the northern state of Uttarakhand. However, the Punjab police did not officially confirm this.

On Monday, Nepal said it had put Singh on a surveillance list after the Indian embassy alerted them that he may have entered the country.

No one seems to know, but the police claim to have found several leads in the past 10 days and say they are following each of them.

In the meantime, local media has been highlighting surveillance footage from various cities which purportedly show Singh.

This includes a clip that allegedly shows him fleeing in a make-shift cart along with a motorcycle, somewhere in Punjab; an unverified selfie of Singh — holding a drink can — with an aide; and footage of him in Delhi wearing a mask — not all of these have been verified by police.

Prominent Sikh leaders and the state's high court have also questioned why police have failed to arrest Singh so far.

But for now, the search seems to have circled back to Punjab.

This week, the Indian Express newspaper quoted an unnamed investigating official from the state who said that after Singh's escape, the operation has been like looking for "a needle in the haystack". — BBC