THE HAGUE — International war crimes judges Friday acquitted former Congolese vice president Jean-Pierre Bemba on appeal, overturning an 18-year sentence for war crimes committed in the Central African Republic (CAR).

"Mr Bemba cannot be held criminally liable for the crimes committed by his troops in the Central African Republic," presiding judge Christine Van den Wyngaert told the International Criminal Court in The Hague.

"The Appeals Chamber in this instant reverses the conviction against Mr Bemba... and in relation to the remaining criminal acts it enters an acquittal," Van den Wyngaert said.

Bemba, 55, dressed in a blue-grey suit, light blue shirt and dark blue tie showed little emotion as the judge read the verdict, but his supporters exploded in cheers on the public gallery, prompting the judge to call them to order.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) capital of Kinshasa, Bemba's supporters erupted in joy as they watched the announcement on live TV, and cheering was even heard at the National Assembly, AFP reporters said.

In 2016, the ICC's judges had unanimously found Bemba — nicknamed "Miniature Mobutu" — guilty on five charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity for abuses committed by his troops during a five-month rampage in the neighboring CAR.

The heavy-set leader had sent his militia, the Congolese Liberation Movement (MLC) — a rebel force that Bemba later transformed into a political organization — into the CAR in October 2002 to quash a coup against the then president, Ange-Felix Patasse.

At his sentencing in 2016, trial judges blamed Bemba for failing to stop a series of "sadistic and cruel" rapes and murders as well as pillaging by his soldiers. The trial was the first before the ICC to focus on sexual violence as a weapon of war.

It was also the first to determine whether a military commander bore responsibility for the conduct of troops under his control.

But in a scathing assessment, the Hague-based ICC's appeal judges said Bemba was "erroneously" convicted for specific criminal acts. Trial judges were also wrong in their finding that Bemba could in fact prevent crimes being committed by his MLC troops, they ruled.

"The trial chamber ignored significant testimonial evidence that Mr Bemba's ability to investigate and punish crimes in the CAR was limited," judge Van den Wyngaert said.

At an appeal hearing early this year, Bemba's lawyers argued that he did not maintain effective control over his troops because there was no physical evidence that he gave any orders or that he was present on the ground.

They also asked the judges to lower his sentence, given that he had already spent close to a decade behind bars at the ICC's detention center in The Hague. His sentence was the longest of any individual convicted by the ICC so far.

Prosecutors however also appealed, asking judges to increase Bemba's sentence to 25 years as it "did not reflect the gravity" of all the crimes.

Bemba nevertheless remains behind bars in a separate case in which he was sentenced to one year in jail for bribing witnesses and fined 300,000 euros ($350,000) during his main war crimes trial.

Bemba lost an appeal against that sentence, but the ICC still has to decide whether a new jail term will be imposed.

Judges are to decide "shortly whether Mr Bemba's continued detention is warranted," Van den Wyngaert said.

Bemba had unsuccessfully opposed President Joseph Kabila in elections in 2006. After his militia clashed violently with government forces in 2007, he was forced out of the DRC but retains a groundswell of support.

His acquittal comes amid mounting tension in the runup to scheduled presidential elections on Dec. 23. Kabila was required to step down at the end of 2016 after he reached his two-term constitutional limit.

But a constitutional clause has allowed him to remain in office until his successor is elected. He has not stated whether he will run again, although the United States, France and Britain are appealing for him to step aside. In Kinshasa, Bemba's supporters reacted with jubilation on Friday, buoyed by hopes of his return. "Our leader, we await you," some chanted.

"I weep for joy. Jean-Pierre Bemba was a dead man. He has just been revived," one said. Opposition leader Moise Katumbi, who lives in exile, also offered his congratulations. "His acquittal shows that truth will always be triumphant. To those who resort to bogus trials, this decision marks the start of a new era" for the DRC, he said in a tweet. — AFP